Does our Solar System have a Double Planet?

Written by Jack Hassard

On August 22, 2006

It appears so! According the redefinition of the meaning of planet, Pluto and Charon would be the only double planet system in the Solar System. At least according to the proposed redefinition. According to IAU’s new definition, a “planet is a celestial body that (a) has sufficient mass for its self-gravity to overcome rigid body forces so that it assumes a nearly round shape, and (b) is in orbit around a star, and is neither a star nor a satellite of a planet.”

A double planet would be a pair of objects, each satisfying the definition of planet, that orbit each other around a common point in space (called the barycentre). And they add that the barycentre can not be located inside either of the objects.

Image: Hubble Space Telescope View of Pluto and Charon, NASA

Image: NASA drawing of surfaces of Pluto and Charon

So what about the Earth-moon system. In the redefinition, the moon would be a “satellite” of Earth, even though it satisfies the definition of a planet, the “barycentre” for Earth-moon is located with the interior of Earth. Here is a NASA photograph taken years ago by NASA’s Galileo spacecraft.

Image: NASA photograph of Earth-Moon system. Not a double planet according to the redefinition of planet, double planets, and satellites. Sure looks like one from here. And if you agree, you are in good company.

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